Statement 1: This statement is correct. Sultanpur National Park was initially known as the Lake Bird Sanctuary, primarily due to the Sultanpur Lake that provided a habitat for numerous bird species. It was later upgraded to a National Park in 1991, and the name was changed to reflect its broader conservation efforts and national recognition.

Statement 2: This statement is incorrect. Kalesar National Park is located in Yamunanagar district, not Gurugram. The park is situated near the Shivalik ranges and borders the neighboring states of Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, and Uttar Pradesh, making it a significant ecological area due to its location at the meeting point of various ecosystems.
 

Hence option A is correct

Sultanpur National Park is considered a bird paradise due to its habitat, which is specially suited for terrestrial birds—birds that live and nest on the ground. The park's habitat includes both aquatic and terrestrial environments, but it is most famous for being a refuge for birds. Located near the city of Gurgaon, this park is particularly important during the winter months, as it hosts a large number of migratory birds that come from places like Europe, Siberia, and Central Asia. The primary conservation effort in this park focuses on preserving the habitats for these birds, especially the Siberian crane and other species such as the Indian cormorant and hoopoe. While there is a pond area, the larger portion of the park provides suitable environments for terrestrial birds to thrive.

Hence option B is correct

Sultanpur National Park is located in Gurugram (Gurgaon) district, which is part of the Haryana state in India. The park is located about 15 kilometers from the city of Gurugram, near the Delhi-Haryana border.

It is an important bird sanctuary and is known for being a significant wetland area that attracts a variety of migratory birds, especially during the winter months. The park is home to both resident and migratory bird species, making it a popular spot for birdwatching and nature enthusiasts. The park also serves as a protected area for wildlife and contributes to the conservation of biodiversity in the region.

Significance as a Bird Sanctuary

Sultanpur National Park is particularly famous for its rich avian diversity. The park serves as a critical migratory stopover for birds traveling along the Central Asian Flyway, especially during the winter months (October to February). This makes it a key location for migratory birds that come from places as far as Siberia, Europe, and Central Asia.

• Some of the migratory species that visit include the painted stork, bar-headed goose, northern shoveler, gadwall, and many others.
• In addition to these migratory species, the park is also home to a number of resident species like the Indian roller, Indian pond heron, common coot, and sandpipers.

 Ecology and Habitat

The park consists of wetlands, grasslands, and a variety of plant species that create a diverse habitat for wildlife. The wetlands are vital for providing food and water to birds, making it an essential breeding and feeding ground.

The habitat supports a range of aquatic plants, fish, and insects, which in turn attract a wide array of bird species. The vegetation in the park includes tall grasses, shrubs, and bushes that create safe environments for nesting and hiding for several species of birds.

Flora and Fauna
Apart from birds, the park also has a variety of fauna such as monkeys, jackals, foxes, and wild boars. While birds dominate the wildlife in Sultanpur, the park's diverse ecosystems also support these mammals and other smaller animals.

Flora in the park includes species like water lilies, aquatic grasses, and trees like Acacia and Bamboo, which play a vital role in maintaining the ecological balance.

Conservation Efforts

Sultanpur National Park has been designated as a protected area under the Wildlife Protection Act, which helps in preserving its delicate ecosystem. It is also a bird sanctuary, which means that hunting and disturbance of wildlife are strictly prohibited. These measures have allowed the park to thrive as an important conservation site.

The park is managed by the Haryana State Forest Department, and various initiatives are undertaken to ensure its upkeep, including controlling the spread of invasive species, regular monitoring of bird populations, and cleaning of water bodies.

Best Time to Visit

The best time to visit Sultanpur National Park is between October and February when migratory birds flock to the wetlands. The weather is cooler during these months, and bird sightings are at their peak. During summer months (March to June), the park remains open, but bird sightings are fewer as many migratory birds leave.

In summary, Sultanpur National Park, situated in Gurugram, is not only a key bird sanctuary but also an important ecological site contributing to the conservation of migratory and resident species. Its proximity to urban areas makes it a vital green space, balancing conservation efforts and providing people with the opportunity to connect with nature.

Hence Option B Is Correct Answer